The Qin Dynasty
There are two major reasons why he won, thus allowing the formation of the Qin Dynasty. Firstly, he was a true Legalist, who did things strictly abided to law; things like execute generals for showing up late to caucuses. Secondly, the state of Qin had a lot of natural iron ore, and consequently, at the dawn of the iron age, had the ability to produce iron weapons like no other armies could. Qin Shihuangdi had a great many accomplishments, not the least of which was the linking together of many of the old defensive walls of the Great Wall of China. Therefore, with the above reasons, the Qin state was by far and undoubtedly the strongest of all states, thus allowing it unperturbed power to overtake the rest of mainland China.
The Qin Dynasty came to power in 221 BC, and it lasted until 206 BC. The capital is also known as Xiangyang. The Qin dynasty had about 40 million people. It took over the Zhou dynasty.
Reason for Take-Over
Much of what came to constitute the now-modern nation of China was unified for the first time in 221 B.C. In that year, the western state of Qin, the most aggressive of the Warring States, absorbed the last of its rival adjacent states. That same year, the first Emperor of China, Qin Shihuangdi, conquered the rest of China after a few hundred years of fragmentation.
Much of what came to constitute the now-modern nation of China was unified for the first time in 221 B.C. In that year, the western state of Qin, the most aggressive of the Warring States, absorbed the last of its rival adjacent states. That same year, the first Emperor of China, Qin Shihuangdi, conquered the rest of China after a few hundred years of fragmentation.
There are two major reasons why he won, thus allowing the formation of the Qin Dynasty. Firstly, he was a true Legalist, who did things strictly abided to law; things like execute generals for showing up late to caucuses. Secondly, the state of Qin had a lot of natural iron ore, and consequently, at the dawn of the iron age, had the ability to produce iron weapons like no other armies could. Qin Shihuangdi had a great many accomplishments, not the least of which was the linking together of many of the old defensive walls of the Great Wall of China. Therefore, with the above reasons, the Qin state was by far and undoubtedly the strongest of all states, thus allowing it unperturbed power to overtake the rest of mainland China.
Leaders
Qin Shi Huangdi
There were three emperors that were ruli
ng during the Qin dynasty. The first emperor was Qin Shi Huangdi. He demanded centralized, not hereditary aristocratic system in replace of the Zhou dynasty’s feudal system. The Qin Empire depended on the philosophy of legalism. In order to prevent harm towards Qin dynasty, Qun Shihuang ordered the take over of weapons and make sure they were stored in the capital. He was afraid of the return of the feudal lords. Therefore, he destroyed the walls that had separated the previous six states. He made a national conscription, which every male between the age of seventeen and sixty years old were forced to stay in the army for a year. In order for Qin dynasty to be constantly building up, they were aided by the frequent military expeditions pushing the frontiers both north and south. After he succeded his conquest of the six warring states in China, he head his aim at the Xiongnu, which has a powerful force and expanding to the east and west. Qin Shi Huang sent 300,000 strong army lead by General Meng Tian to move the Xiongnu northwards about 350 kilometers and eventually built the Great Wall of China to prevent from their invasion. He built a wall by various warring states that were connected to make a wall. Great Wall of China is 4,856 distance long. Large parts were then re-constructed by the Ming dynasty. Besides, Qin Shihuang also built canals and bridges to strengthen imperial rule. He censored the book by burning intellectual books and Burying Confusions alive. The only books that were not forbidden are writings about medicine, herbs, divining and agriculture. He closed all the schools and he buried around 346 Confusion. A big project was built next to the emperor’s tomb, which is also known as the Terracotta Army, which was built to protect the tomb of Qin Shi Huang. However, in the later years of ruling, his behaviors became strange and unstable. This may be because of drinking solutions containing mercury and other deadly compounds because he desperate to search for a medicine that can make him immortal.
There were three emperors that were ruli
ng during the Qin dynasty. The first emperor was Qin Shi Huangdi. He demanded centralized, not hereditary aristocratic system in replace of the Zhou dynasty’s feudal system. The Qin Empire depended on the philosophy of legalism. In order to prevent harm towards Qin dynasty, Qun Shihuang ordered the take over of weapons and make sure they were stored in the capital. He was afraid of the return of the feudal lords. Therefore, he destroyed the walls that had separated the previous six states. He made a national conscription, which every male between the age of seventeen and sixty years old were forced to stay in the army for a year. In order for Qin dynasty to be constantly building up, they were aided by the frequent military expeditions pushing the frontiers both north and south. After he succeded his conquest of the six warring states in China, he head his aim at the Xiongnu, which has a powerful force and expanding to the east and west. Qin Shi Huang sent 300,000 strong army lead by General Meng Tian to move the Xiongnu northwards about 350 kilometers and eventually built the Great Wall of China to prevent from their invasion. He built a wall by various warring states that were connected to make a wall. Great Wall of China is 4,856 distance long. Large parts were then re-constructed by the Ming dynasty. Besides, Qin Shihuang also built canals and bridges to strengthen imperial rule. He censored the book by burning intellectual books and Burying Confusions alive. The only books that were not forbidden are writings about medicine, herbs, divining and agriculture. He closed all the schools and he buried around 346 Confusion. A big project was built next to the emperor’s tomb, which is also known as the Terracotta Army, which was built to protect the tomb of Qin Shi Huang. However, in the later years of ruling, his behaviors became strange and unstable. This may be because of drinking solutions containing mercury and other deadly compounds because he desperate to search for a medicine that can make him immortal.Huhai
Huhai became an emperor after Qin Shi Huang died suddenly at Shaqui prefecture. Two high officials convinced Huhai to alter Qin Shi Huang’s wish. He ordered Qin Shi Huang’s first son (Fusu) to commit suicide and making himself the emperor. Besides, there was a faithful supporter of Fusu, Meng Tian and Huhai put the Meng’s family into death. One of the high officials, Zao Gao step by step wanting to get the thrown. He basically made Huhai a “puppet emperor”. Three years after Qin Shi Huang died, there were revolts by the peasants, prisoners, soldiers, nobles of the Six Warring State. Cheng Sheng and Wu Guang, two groups of around 900 soldiers started to defend Xiongnu. Battle of Julu was held, which was a major defeat of the Qin Dynasty.
Huhai became an emperor after Qin Shi Huang died suddenly at Shaqui prefecture. Two high officials convinced Huhai to alter Qin Shi Huang’s wish. He ordered Qin Shi Huang’s first son (Fusu) to commit suicide and making himself the emperor. Besides, there was a faithful supporter of Fusu, Meng Tian and Huhai put the Meng’s family into death. One of the high officials, Zao Gao step by step wanting to get the thrown. He basically made Huhai a “puppet emperor”. Three years after Qin Shi Huang died, there were revolts by the peasants, prisoners, soldiers, nobles of the Six Warring State. Cheng Sheng and Wu Guang, two groups of around 900 soldiers started to defend Xiongnu. Battle of Julu was held, which was a major defeat of the Qin Dynasty.Ziying
Qin no longer controlled the whole China. At the start point of October 207 BC, Zao Gao forced Huhai to commit suicide and soon replaced by Fusu’s son, Ziying. Soon after, Ziying killed Zao Gao and threw in the towel to Liu Bang in the beginning of December 207 BC. However, Liu Bang had to hand over Xiangyang and Ziying to Xiang Yu. Xiang Yu then killed Ziying and burned down the palace at the end of January 206 BC. The Qin dynasty finally came to an end, three years after the death of Qin Shi Huang, which was less than twenty years after it was founded.
Qin no longer controlled the whole China. At the start point of October 207 BC, Zao Gao forced Huhai to commit suicide and soon replaced by Fusu’s son, Ziying. Soon after, Ziying killed Zao Gao and threw in the towel to Liu Bang in the beginning of December 207 BC. However, Liu Bang had to hand over Xiangyang and Ziying to Xiang Yu. Xiang Yu then killed Ziying and burned down the palace at the end of January 206 BC. The Qin dynasty finally came to an end, three years after the death of Qin Shi Huang, which was less than twenty years after it was founded.
Foreign Leader: Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great (356-323 BC): the Macedonian king who defeated his Persian colleague Darius III Codomannus and conquered the Achaemenid Empire. During his campaigns, Alexander visited a. o. Egypt, Babylonia, Persis, Media, Bactria, the Punjab, and the valley of the Indus. In the second half of his reign, he had to find a way to rule his newly conquered countries. Therefore, he made Babylon his capital and introduced the oriental court ceremonial, which caused great tensions with his Macedonian and Greek officers.
In 340 BC, when Philip went to Byzantium to fight rebels, Alexander, a mere 16 years old, was left in charge of Macedonia as regent, with the power to rule in Philip's name in his absence. That Alexander was given such a position at such a young age indicates that he was already accomplished in battle. But Alexander never got along well with his father, although Philip was proud of Alexander for the Bucephalus incident. Alexander had always been closer to Olympia than to Philip. Philip and Olympia also did not get along all that well, owing primarily to Olympia's non-Macedonian heritage.
Alexander the Great (356-323 BC): the Macedonian king who defeated his Persian colleague Darius III Codomannus and conquered the Achaemenid Empire. During his campaigns, Alexander visited a. o. Egypt, Babylonia, Persis, Media, Bactria, the Punjab, and the valley of the Indus. In the second half of his reign, he had to find a way to rule his newly conquered countries. Therefore, he made Babylon his capital and introduced the oriental court ceremonial, which caused great tensions with his Macedonian and Greek officers.
In 340 BC, when Philip went to Byzantium to fight rebels, Alexander, a mere 16 years old, was left in charge of Macedonia as regent, with the power to rule in Philip's name in his absence. That Alexander was given such a position at such a young age indicates that he was already accomplished in battle. But Alexander never got along well with his father, although Philip was proud of Alexander for the Bucephalus incident. Alexander had always been closer to Olympia than to Philip. Philip and Olympia also did not get along all that well, owing primarily to Olympia's non-Macedonian heritage. Accomplishments
Government
First, the Qin territory was governed by a legalist form. It involves punishments and also rewards. During the Qin dynasty, government was a monarchy.
First, the Qin territory was governed by a legalist form. It involves punishments and also rewards. During the Qin dynasty, government was a monarchy.
Achievements
Terracotta Army- During the Qin Dynasty, it was built to protect the tomb of Qin Shi Huang. Rubbing of an inscription of a Qin bronze weight in small seal script. The characters are: 盡並...詣行. Currency became standardized as a circular copper coin with a square hole in the middle.
Great Wall of China- To protect China from Xiongnu’s invasion. The language and writing of China, which had varied greatly from area to area during the Warring States
Period- Better to communicate across country.
Ruan- another name qin pipa or yueqin (moon-shaped short-necked lute). It was constructed during the Qin dynasty and is now commonly used in the modern Chinese orchestra.
Reason for Fall
Short after Qin Shi Huang’s death, Qin dynasty ended and Han dynasty broke out during 206 BC. The major reason for the fall of Qin dynasty was because of the Battle of Julu, when Huhai was the emperor. Xiang Y
u received victory, defeating a large amount of Qin army with a little amount of the number of soldiers. This battle was also known as the foundation of the military decline of Qin. The major Qin forces were eliminated. First, Xiang Yu sent 20,000 Chu men across the river to Julu. Then, Xiang Yu sent his major soldiers across the river, and sinking his ships to make sure no one retreats from the battle. When they got to the battlefield, the Zhao forces had been starved. Xiang ordered for three days of food supplies and the Chu troops realized right away that the only way to let them survive is to defeat the Qin forces and get food from them. Therefore, Xiang’s army was very fierce and won every battle, as if one Chu soldier can kill ten Qin soldiers. The battle of Julu was the major victory for the Xiang. Lastly, the Battle of Julu marked the end of the Qin dynasty.
Short after Qin Shi Huang’s death, Qin dynasty ended and Han dynasty broke out during 206 BC. The major reason for the fall of Qin dynasty was because of the Battle of Julu, when Huhai was the emperor. Xiang Y
u received victory, defeating a large amount of Qin army with a little amount of the number of soldiers. This battle was also known as the foundation of the military decline of Qin. The major Qin forces were eliminated. First, Xiang Yu sent 20,000 Chu men across the river to Julu. Then, Xiang Yu sent his major soldiers across the river, and sinking his ships to make sure no one retreats from the battle. When they got to the battlefield, the Zhao forces had been starved. Xiang ordered for three days of food supplies and the Chu troops realized right away that the only way to let them survive is to defeat the Qin forces and get food from them. Therefore, Xiang’s army was very fierce and won every battle, as if one Chu soldier can kill ten Qin soldiers. The battle of Julu was the major victory for the Xiang. Lastly, the Battle of Julu marked the end of the Qin dynasty.Works Cited:
http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/china/early_imperial_china/qin.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Dynasty http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Han/qin-rulers.html http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_aboutchina/2003-09/24/content_22719.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_the_Great
